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#include "data-structure/disjoint-sparse-table.hpp"
#pragma once
#include "../template/template.hpp"
template <class SemiGroup>
struct DisjointSparseTable {
using Func = function<SemiGroup(SemiGroup, SemiGroup)>;
const Func F;
vector<vector<SemiGroup>> dat;
vector<int> height;
explicit DisjointSparseTable(const Func& f) : F(f) {}
DisjointSparseTable(const Func& f, const vector<SemiGroup>& vec) : F(f) { init(vec); }
void init(const vector<SemiGroup>& vec) {
int n = (int)vec.size(), h = 1;
while ((1 << h) <= n) ++h;
dat.assign(h, vector<SemiGroup>(n));
height.assign((1 << h), 0);
for (int i = 2; i < (1 << h); i++) height[i] = height[i >> 1] + 1;
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) dat[0][i] = vec[i];
for (int i = 1; i < h; ++i) {
int s = (1 << i);
for (int j = 0; j < n; j += (s << 1)) {
int t = min(j + s, n);
dat[i][t - 1] = vec[t - 1];
for (int k = t - 2; k >= j; --k) dat[i][k] = F(vec[k], dat[i][k + 1]);
if (n <= t) break;
dat[i][t] = vec[t];
for (int k = t + 1; k < min(t + s, n); ++k) dat[i][k] = F(dat[i][k - 1], vec[k]);
}
}
}
SemiGroup get(int a, int b) {
if (a >= --b) return dat[0][a];
return F(dat[height[a ^ b]][a], dat[height[a ^ b]][b]);
}
};
#line 2 "template/template.hpp"
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#line 3 "template/macro.hpp"
#define overload3(_1, _2, _3, name, ...) name
#define all1(v) std::begin(v), std::end(v)
#define all2(v, a) std::begin(v), std::begin(v) + a
#define all3(v, a, b) std::begin(v) + a, std::begin(v) + b
#define all(...) overload3(__VA_ARGS__, all3, all2, all1)(__VA_ARGS__)
#define rall1(v) std::rbegin(v), std::rend(v)
#define rall2(v, a) std::rbegin(v), std::rbegin(v) + a
#define rall3(v, a, b) std::rbegin(v) + a, std::rbegin(v) + b
#define rall(...) overload3(__VA_ARGS__, rall3, rall2, rall1)(__VA_ARGS__)
#define elif else if
#define updiv(N, X) (((N) + (X) - 1) / (X))
#define sigma(a, b) (((a) + (b)) * ((b) - (a) + 1) / 2)
#define INT(...) \
int __VA_ARGS__; \
scan(__VA_ARGS__)
#define LL(...) \
ll __VA_ARGS__; \
scan(__VA_ARGS__)
#define STR(...) \
string __VA_ARGS__; \
scan(__VA_ARGS__)
#define CHR(...) \
char __VA_ARGS__; \
scan(__VA_ARGS__)
#define DOU(...) \
double __VA_ARGS__; \
scan(__VA_ARGS__)
#define LD(...) \
ld __VA_ARGS__; \
scan(__VA_ARGS__)
#define pb push_back
#define eb emplace_back
#line 3 "template/alias.hpp"
using ll = long long;
using ld = long double;
using pii = std::pair<int, int>;
using pll = std::pair<ll, ll>;
constexpr int inf = 1 << 30;
constexpr ll INF = 1LL << 60;
constexpr int dx[8] = {1, 0, -1, 0, 1, -1, 1, -1};
constexpr int dy[8] = {0, 1, 0, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1};
constexpr int mod = 998244353;
constexpr int MOD = 1e9 + 7;
#line 3 "template/func.hpp"
template <typename T>
inline bool chmax(T& a, T b) { return ((a < b) ? (a = b, true) : (false)); }
template <typename T>
inline bool chmin(T& a, T b) { return ((a > b) ? (a = b, true) : (false)); }
template <typename T, typename U>
std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const std::pair<T, U> &p) {
os << p.first << " " << p.second;
return os;
}
template <typename T, typename U>
std::istream &operator>>(std::istream &is, std::pair<T, U> &p) {
is >> p.first >> p.second;
return is;
}
template <typename T>
std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const std::vector<T> &v) {
for (auto it = std::begin(v); it != std::end(v);) {
os << *it << ((++it) != std::end(v) ? " " : "");
}
return os;
}
template <typename T>
std::istream &operator>>(std::istream &is, std::vector<T> &v) {
for (T &in : v) {
is >> in;
}
return is;
}
inline void scan() {}
template <class Head, class... Tail>
inline void scan(Head &head, Tail &...tail) {
std::cin >> head;
scan(tail...);
}
template <class T>
inline void print(const T &t) { std::cout << t << '\n'; }
template <class Head, class... Tail>
inline void print(const Head &head, const Tail &...tail) {
std::cout << head << ' ';
print(tail...);
}
template <class... T>
inline void fin(const T &...a) {
print(a...);
exit(0);
}
#line 3 "template/util.hpp"
struct IOSetup {
IOSetup() {
std::cin.tie(nullptr);
std::ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
std::cout.tie(0);
std::cout << std::fixed << std::setprecision(12);
std::cerr << std::fixed << std::setprecision(12);
}
} IOSetup;
#line 3 "template/debug.hpp"
#ifdef LOCAL
#include <dump.hpp>
#else
#define debug(...)
#endif
#line 8 "template/template.hpp"
using namespace std;
#line 3 "data-structure/disjoint-sparse-table.hpp"
template <class SemiGroup>
struct DisjointSparseTable {
using Func = function<SemiGroup(SemiGroup, SemiGroup)>;
const Func F;
vector<vector<SemiGroup>> dat;
vector<int> height;
explicit DisjointSparseTable(const Func& f) : F(f) {}
DisjointSparseTable(const Func& f, const vector<SemiGroup>& vec) : F(f) { init(vec); }
void init(const vector<SemiGroup>& vec) {
int n = (int)vec.size(), h = 1;
while ((1 << h) <= n) ++h;
dat.assign(h, vector<SemiGroup>(n));
height.assign((1 << h), 0);
for (int i = 2; i < (1 << h); i++) height[i] = height[i >> 1] + 1;
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) dat[0][i] = vec[i];
for (int i = 1; i < h; ++i) {
int s = (1 << i);
for (int j = 0; j < n; j += (s << 1)) {
int t = min(j + s, n);
dat[i][t - 1] = vec[t - 1];
for (int k = t - 2; k >= j; --k) dat[i][k] = F(vec[k], dat[i][k + 1]);
if (n <= t) break;
dat[i][t] = vec[t];
for (int k = t + 1; k < min(t + s, n); ++k) dat[i][k] = F(dat[i][k - 1], vec[k]);
}
}
}
SemiGroup get(int a, int b) {
if (a >= --b) return dat[0][a];
return F(dat[height[a ^ b]][a], dat[height[a ^ b]][b]);
}
};